Suchergebnisse

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Annexes -- Boxes -- Foreword -- Structure and Focus of the Report -- Country Coverage and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Overview: Economic Transformation in the Western Balkans -- Chapter 1: Jobs, Growth, and Convergence: Obstacles and the Roadmap to Reform -- A. Growth and Convergence-A Cup Half Full or Half Empty? -- Box 1.1. Inequality and Poverty in the Western Balkans -- B. Progress in Economic Transformation -- C. Ranking Structural Reforms Priorities for Faster Growth -- Box 1.2. Reform Gaps in Institutions, Infrastructure, Goods Market Efficiency, and Labor Markets -- Box 1.3. Structural Reform in Kosovo: Past Achievements and Future Priorities -- D. The Quest for Jobs -- E. Lessons for Stronger Convergence -- Chapter 2: Macroeconomic Developments and Policies: Boom, Bust, and the Aftermath -- A. Background and Context-Macroeconomic Stabilization in the 1990s -- B. Before the Global Financial Crisis: Optimism and Inflows -- C. Recession and Recovery after the Global Financial Crisis -- D. Lessons from the Crisis and Policy Challenges -- Box 2.1. The Western Balkans and the IMF -- Box 2.2. Public Pension Spending in the Western Balkans -- Chapter 3: Financial Sector: Deepening, Resilience, and Ongoing Challenges -- A. Financial Deepening from a Low Base -- B. Credit Swings and Financial Stability -- C. Financial Sector Inclusion and Efficiency -- D. The Unfinished Institutional Reform Agenda and International Cooperation -- E. Cross-Border Finance and the Future of Western Balkan Banking -- Box 3.1. Nonbank Financial Deepening in the Western Balkans -- Box 3.2. Croatia's Defense against the Boom -- Box 3.3. Nonperforming Loans in the Western Balkans: Why Has Progress Been So Limited? -- Annex 1.1. Growth Accounting -- Annex 1.2. Convergence Analysis -- Annex 1.3. Trade Linkages

Cover -- 1 Einleitung -- 1.1 Relevanz -- 1.2 Fragestellung -- 1.3 Aufbau der Studie -- 2 Normen in der Diskussion der Internationalen Beziehungen -- 2.1 Definition von Normen -- 2.2 Konstruktivistische Normenforschung -- 2.2.1 Der "Bumerang-Effekt" -- 2.2.2 Das Spiralmodell -- 2.2.3 Theoretische Kritik der Modelle -- 2.3 Feministische Normenforschung -- 2.4 Bedingungen für eine erfolgreiche Normumsetzung -- 2.4.1 Normadvokaten, nationale und transnationale Netzwerke -- 2.4.2 Anschlussfähigkeit internationaler Normen an nationale -- 2.4.3 Gelegenheitsstrukturen und innerstaatliche Interessen

The last three decades in Europe have been marked by increased integration efforts. However, the religiously, culturally, and economically diverse Balkan Peninsula has in addition to that experienced disintegration. It affected the pace of development of economies and the disparities in the socio-economic development in the region. The aim of the study is to investigate the occurrence of regional convergence and to determine the level of disparity in the socio-economic development of the countries of the Balkan Peninsula. The study was conducted by means of taxonomic analysis, using data for the period of 2000–2019 drawn from the World Bank Open Data. The analysis focused on the relative distribution of GDP per capita (constant prices in USD in 2010) at country level. Sigma-convergence was assessed using the coefficient of variation of real GDP per capita. The presence of beta-convergence was verified using econometric modelling techniques, and more specifically, the linear regression analysis. Hellwig's taxonomic method of development was used for comparative assessment of the dynamics of changes in the level of socio-economic development of individual countries and for their classification. The study shows that there is considerable diversity among the countries of the Balkan Peninsula in terms of their socio-economic development. It seems that the absolute betaconvergence observed in the region is caused by significant recession in Greece.